The contribution of NMDA and AMPA conductances to the control of spiking in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei.

We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in vitro to investigate the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) by applying synthetic synaptic input patterns with dynamic clamping. We explored an input regime in which excitation and inhibition had an ongoing baseline rate because both input pathways show ongoing activity in vivo. We found that spiking was time-locked to transients in the inputs, consisting of brief decreases in inhibitory or increases in excitatory conductance. Such input transients were caused by synchronization among multiple inputs. However, we found that temporal synchrony in the inhibitory input pathway had preferential access to the control of DCN spiking, because the large NMDA component of the excitatory inputs smoothed out temporal transients in this pathway. Thus, synaptic integration in the DCN appears to be tuned to allow the cerebellar cortical output from Purkinje cells preferential access to the control of DCN spiking. The effect of temporal modulations in the inhibition was further enhanced by the voltage dependence of the NMDA inputs. Thus, the presence of a baseline of mossy and climbing fiber inputs boosted depolarizing responses caused by reduced inhibition by the voltage-dependent increase in inward NMDA current. Overall, our results show that correlated activity or pauses in populations of Purkinje cells are well suited to the dynamic control of DCN spiking. In addition, strong transients in excitation can directly drive DCN responses that bypass cerebellar cortical processing.